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Energy medicine, energy therapy, energy healing, or spiritual healing are branches of alternative medicine. The most controversial claim in this general area of pseudoscience is the belief healers can channel healing energy into a patient and effect positive results. This idea itself contains several methods: hands-on,〔 hands-off,〔 and distant〔 (or absent) where the patient and healer are in different locations. Many schools of energy healing exist using many names, for example, ''biofield energy healing'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.mdanderson.org/publications/network/issues/2007-fall/network-fall-2007-energy-medicines-will-east-meet-west-.html )〕 ''spiritual healing'', ''contact healing'', ''distant healing'', ''therapeutic touch'', ''Reiki'' or ''Qigong.''〔 ''Spiritual healing'' occurs largely in non-denominational and ecumenical contexts. Practitioners do not see traditional religious faith as a prerequisite for effecting cures. ''Faith healing,'' by contrast, takes place within a traditional religious context.〔(What is healing? ) ("The Healing Trust).〕 While early reviews of the scientific literature on energy healing were equivocal and recommended further research,〔〔 more recent reviews have concluded that there is no evidence supporting clinical efficiency.〔〔 〕〔〔〔〔 The theoretical basis of healing has been criticised as implausible,〔〔〔〔 research and reviews supportive of energy medicine have been faulted for containing methodological flaws〔〔 and selection bias,〔〔 and positive therapeutic results have been dismissed as resulting from known psychological mechanisms.〔〔 Edzard Ernst, formerly Professor of Complementary and Alternative Medicine at the University of Exeter, has warned that "healing continues to be promoted despite the absence of biological plausibility or convincing clinical evidence ... that these methods work therapeutically and plenty to demonstrate that they do not".〔 Some claims of those purveying "energy medicine" devices are known to be fraudulent〔 and their marketing practices have drawn law-enforcement action in the U.S.〔 ==History== There is a history of association or exploitation of scientific inventions by individuals claiming that newly discovered science could help people to heal: In the 19th century, electricity and magnetism were in the "borderlands" of science and electrical quackery was rife. These concepts continue to inspire writers in the New Age movement. In the early 20th century health claims for radio-active materials put lives at risk, and recently quantum mechanics and grand unification theory have provided similar opportunities for commercial exploitation.〔Athearn, D. (1994). Scientific Nihilism: On the Loss and Recovery of Physical Explanation (SUNY Series in Philosophy). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press.〕 Thousands of devices claiming to heal via putative or veritable energy are used worldwide. Many of them are illegal or dangerous and are marketed with false or unproven claims. Several of these devices have been banned. Reliance on spiritual and energetic healings is associated with serious harm or death when medical treatment is delayed or foregone. Various commentary points to an impairment in critical thinking.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Energy medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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